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Abnormalities in protein function are closely related to the occurrence of various diseases. Direct delivery of functional proteins has better specificity and safety than methods that utilize compound molecules and gene therapy to correct protein dysfunction. However, there are several difficulties to overcome in transporting intracellular proteins: 1) most proteins are difficult to cross the tissue and cell barrier directly; 2) most protein carriers enter the endocytic-lysosomal pathway in the cell, leading to protein degradation; 3) entering the cell The protein is not easily separated from the carrier and affects its function. Therefore, relevant research, especially for in vivo research, is still in its infancy.
Space gemstones in Marvel's infinite gemstones are capable of transferring objects to any space. In real life, there is a material called nanodiamond (NDs) that has a strong surface adsorption capacity and is often used to carry small molecules of drugs. So, can NDs also carry functional proteins? In this work, the researchers found that NDs not only efficiently load a variety of proteins, but also that NDs entering cells can avoid fusion with early endocytic bodies, thereby preventing protein degradation. Although previous studies have also found that certain nanomaterials can escape from endocytic bodies or lysosomes, the phenomenon of not integrating with endocytic bodies is observed for the first time. However, the researchers also observed that the proteins that enter the cell progeny are still firmly localized on the NDs and cannot be effectively released. In order to overcome this problem, the researchers took inspiration from the costumes of the flying fairy in Dunhuang murals, and wrapped polylysine on the surface of NDs, which greatly promoted the release process of proteins in cells. As an example of in vivo application, NDs-protein complexes in Drosophila foods are effective in loading proteins into intestinal cells and triggering stem cell activation.
The research was funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. 
Scientists use nanodiamonds to build efficient intracellular protein technology
Abstract On May 16th, the research paper of Song Haiyun Research Group of Shanghai Institute of Life Sciences (population health field) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Fan Chunhai Group of Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, NanodiamondsMediateOralDeliveryof...
On May 16th, the research paper of Song Haiyun Research Group of Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences (population health field) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Fan Chunhai Group of Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Nanodiamonds Mediate Oral Delivery of Proteins for Stem Cell Activation and Intestinal Remodeling in Drosophila In ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces magazine. The study utilizes functionalized nanodiamonds (NDs) to achieve efficient loading of proteins, across cell barriers, and intracellular functions, and further utilizes oral NDs-protein complexes for intestinal stem cell activation and intestinal function in Drosophila Road remodeling. a. The ability of nano-diamond to transport proteins through the cell barrier is comparable to space gemstones; b. Poly-lysine-wrapped nano-diamonds, which reminds people of the costumes of flying fairy in Dunhuang murals.