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According to years of production practice and climate change, the suitable sowing date in the southern wheat area should be in the 8th to 16th, the central wheat area is in the 5th to 13th, and the northern wheat area is in the 1st to 8th. day. Before and after the cold dew was planted at the time, the application of seed fertilizer could help winter wheat safely overwinter.
On October 8th, it is cold dew. After entering the cold dew, the temperature is lower, the weather turns from cold to cold, and the vast areas in the south will enter the autumn and the autumn will become thicker. The northeast and northwest will show a deep autumn scene or will enter the winter. In addition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau where snow falls throughout the year, frost and snowfall may begin in the northeast and northern Xinjiang. After the cold dew, the rain is getting less and the weather is dry. The precipitation in North China and Northwest China is generally small in October. Drought and rainy climates often present difficulties in timely sowing and seedling growth of winter crops.
From the perspective of agricultural planting management, the sowing of winter wheat is an important agricultural task in this solar term, and the area involved is very wide. The suitable sowing date varies from place to place, just like the farmer's cloud: “cold dew to frost, planting wheat is panic.†Winter wheat is a wintering crop with a long growth period. It takes a long period of time from autumn to new year, greening, jointing, heading, grouting and yield formation, especially the sowing to greening, which is the cold and arid climate in winter and spring. In order to ensure the winter wheat safely and smoothly return to green, and then lay the foundation for high yield, only by grasping the basic link of sowing, it is necessary to cultivate a tidy, strong and resistant wheat seedling group. To this end, the application of fertilization is an obvious and feasible key measure.
Winter wheat is high-yield, and fertilizer is not negligible. The effect of applying fertilizer is mainly to provide the required nutrients for the wheat seedlings. When the seedlings just came out, the roots developed weakly and the ability to absorb fertilizer was poor. In the vast northern wheat area, when winter wheat is planted, the soil temperature is already low, the soil's own nutrient release is slow, and nutrients are likely to be unavailable. Although the demand for nutrients in winter wheat seedlings is small, it is very sensitive and strict, and it needs to supply less and better nutrition. Therefore, the role of the seed fertilizer is to ensure that the wheat seedlings are plentiful, smooth wintering, and timely greening, which is one of the keys to high yield of winter wheat. At this time, the application of the seed fertilizer can improve the drought resistance and cold resistance of the wheat seedlings, and achieve the purpose of cultivating the strong seedlings. Years of production practice has proved that when winter wheat is planted in wheat fields where fertility is not too high or organic fertilizer is not applied all the year round, it is necessary to combine the application of NPK compound base fertilizer with cultivated land, and apply appropriate amount of fertilizer at the time of sowing. Only in this way can we cultivate strong seedlings and increase yields.
What fertilizer is applied to the fertilizer? The most important thing about fertilizer is the application of phosphate fertilizer. The demand for phosphate fertilizer is very urgent, sensitive to phosphate fertilizer, and the seedling stage is the critical period of phosphorus nutrition. At this time, if the phosphorus supply is insufficient or severe phosphorus deficiency, it will lead to weak seedlings and seedlings, in the face of drought and In the cold, there is also the problem of freezing dead seedlings. After the seedling period, even if the phosphate fertilizer is replenished, it will not compensate for the loss caused. Some people may think that phosphorus has been applied in the base fertilizer. Why does the fertilizer also emphasize the application of phosphate fertilizer? Because the phosphorus in the base fertilizer is applied deep, and the roots of the wheat seedlings are shallow, the wheat seedlings are not absorbed due to the dislocation of the space; at the same time, it is related to the characteristics of phosphorus, its mobility in the soil is worse than nitrogen and potassium, and the space availability is low. Therefore, the phosphate fertilizer should be applied in layers. In addition to the deep application of phosphorus-based fertilizer, it is necessary to apply the quick-acting phosphate fertilizer through the seed fertilizer to make up for this defect; in addition, phosphorus has a significant effect on promoting root development and can enhance the absorption of other nutrients.
Therefore, the appropriate ratio of nutrient to nutrient distribution should be based on phosphorus, with a small amount of nitrogen. Fertilizer varieties can be compound fertilizer or single fertilizer. For example, the commonly used varieties of fertilizers in the northwest and north China wheat regions are diammonium phosphate. In the binary compound fertilizer, diammonium phosphate and nitrophosphate can be used. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the most commonly used varieties are low concentrations. Calcium phosphate and an appropriate amount of ammonium sulfate. However, urea, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride are not suitable for seed fertilizer. Because the suitable nutrient distribution ratio of the seed fertilizer is less than the phosphorus and nitrogen, the high nitrogen compound fertilizer is usually not used as the seed fertilizer, so as to avoid the problem of the seedlings being weak or burning.
How much fertilizer is applied? The amount of fertilizer should not be too much. It is necessary to master the principle of less and finer and promote the application of precision. Diammonium phosphate is suitable for 5 kg/mu. Although its quantity is not much, it can play the role of “four or two poundsâ€; calcium superphosphate should be 8 kg/mu; ammonium sulfate should not exceed 5 kg/mu.
Finally, the application of the seed fertilizer and the location of the fertilization are equally important. Regardless of whether it is a sowing method or a livestock seeding method, the seed fertilizer cannot be directly contacted with the wheat seed. It is necessary to apply the chemical fertilizer to the 2-3 cm obliquely below the wheat seed to separate the wheat seed from the fertilizer.
(Senior Consultant of Sinofert, Professor of China Agricultural University, Cao Yiping)
Farmers Daily
Fine application of fertilizer to help winter wheat safely winter
At present, wheat planting is approaching and farmers are preparing for work. In the process of wheat sowing production, there are many kinds of links, which are divided into: straw returning to the field, applying enough base fertilizer, watering and smashing, rotary tillage and land preparation, chemical dressing, determining sowing date, controlling sowing amount, planting, and limiting sowing. Deep, smashing and so on. All links are closely linked and indispensable. Therefore, the species is the basis for high yields of wheat, and the base is strong and the yield is high.
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