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Recently, the Ministry of Science and Technology released the 2015 annual report of the State Key Laboratory of Enterprises. The report shows that the number of national key laboratories of Chinese enterprises has increased by 79% compared with 2014, and the research expenditure has increased by 47% compared with 2014.
The 21st Century Economic Research Institute compares the changes in the layout of national key laboratories of Chinese enterprises in recent years, including geography, industry and investment distribution data. The research found that the current national key laboratories are concentrated in Beijing, Shandong, Guangdong and Jiangsu. For areas with active economics and large enterprises, the central and western regions are relatively weak, and the geographical gap is large. In the digital economy era, this gap may continue to expand.
In addition, under the background of the rejuvenation of science and technology, strengthening scientific research investment and practical application has become an important direction. Among them, the areas related to manufacturing continue to increase, and the integration of manufacturing and information technology will be the focus of China's technology entrepreneurship in the future.
In the future, China's scientific and technological innovation needs to establish and improve a technological innovation system dominated by enterprises. Through the reform of the mechanism system, it is important to give play to the main role of enterprises in technological innovation, and the national key laboratories of enterprises will play an important role.
Beijing, Shandong and Guangdong Science and Technology of the Soviet leader, by definition, State Key Laboratory of companies that rely on the State Key Laboratory of construction companies, is an important component of the national innovation system is an important measure to enhance the original innovation ability of enterprises.
In 2014, the total number of national key laboratories was 99. In 2015, the total number of laboratories reached 177, an increase of 79%. According to the latest national key laboratories published by the Ministry of Science and Technology, the 21st Century Economic Research Institute analyzed the trend of data analysis and found that there is a big gap between the regions.
In terms of geographical distribution alone, in 2015, Beijing, Shandong, Guangdong, and Jiangsu distributed the most laboratories. These four provinces and cities are also China's economically developed regions.
Beijing has many high-quality universities and scientific research institutions in the country, and is also the headquarters of many famous enterprises. The number of national key laboratories is the largest in the country. In 2014, the number of national key laboratories of Beijing enterprises was 25, which was the sum of the top four in Shandong, Shanghai and Guangdong. By 2015, the number of Beijing laboratories increased to 37, while the remaining three provinces added 43. The absolute concentration of Beijing was slightly eased.
In terms of growth, Beijing, Shandong, Guangdong and Jiangsu still have the most growth. Among them, Jiangsu's growth momentum is strong, from 5 in 2014 to 13 in 2015. However, it is quite unexpected that the state key laboratory of enterprises in Zhejiang Province has only one in 2014, and only two in 2015. Compared with the same echelon of Jiangsu Province and Guangdong Province, the gap is obvious.
In terms of growth, there are also obvious steps and geographical distribution. The first three steps are China's top three economically strong provinces and the capital Beijing, of which Beijing is the leader; the second step is 3-4. It is a relatively strong province in the central and western regions, such as Hubei, Shaanxi, Henan, etc.; the third step has a growth of 1-2, including the provincial key areas of the State Key Laboratory of New Enterprises, most of which are concentrated in the western region, and Zhejiang. Only one has been added.
The 21st Century Economic Research Institute found that from 2014 to 2015, the distribution of national key laboratories in enterprises has a more coordinated distribution in the region, and individual provinces and regions have achieved a situation from scratch, such as Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Hainan. And Jiangxi.
At present, the State's key laboratories for the third batch of enterprises approved by the state are also underway. The list shows that there are only two approved laboratories in Beijing.
The 21st Century Economic Research Institute believes that the layout of the state's key laboratories in the future may increase the layout of the central and western provinces. However, enterprises with developed science and technology and economic resources are concentrated in economically developed provinces and cities, and enterprises with scientific research strength are densely covered. In the long run, the state key laboratories of enterprises will still be concentrated in economically developed provinces and important first-tier cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen.
The manufacturing industry is strong and the information industry is weak . The industry distribution of the State Key Laboratory of the 21st Century Economic Research Institute has found that in 2014, materials, minerals and energy were strong industries, and the proportion was in the forefront. By 2015, the national laboratories in the manufacturing sector have become more visible.
The proportion of state-level laboratories in the manufacturing sector increased from 9.1% in 2014 to 14.7% in 2015, second only to the materials sector, and the material sector grew on a 2014 basis.
The 21st Century Economic Research Institute believes that manufacturing is the mainstay of the national economy, and it is the foundation of the country, the instrument of rejuvenating the country, and the foundation of a strong country. The key layout of the State Key Laboratory of Enterprises in the manufacturing sector also reflects that China Manufacturing will increase its investment in research and development.
In recent years, the information industry with strong development momentum has not experienced rapid growth in the proportion of national key laboratories, even from 11.1% in 2014 to 7.3% in 2015. By 2015, no Internet company was shortlisted for the National Key Laboratory of Enterprises.
The 21st Century Economic Research Institute believes that the integration trend of manufacturing and information industry is obvious, and manufacturing is also the main battlefield for implementing "Internet +" actions and developing the digital economy. In the new round of manufacturing competition, the manufacturing industry and the information industry will be closely integrated. How to reshape the manufacturing industry through the Internet, big data and artificial intelligence technology is the key to China's manufacturing competitiveness.
Taking the Shenyang machine tool of the manufacturing industry as an example, there is a national key laboratory for enterprises that focus on high-end CNC machine tools. The research and development of Shenyang's machine tools includes intelligent CNC machine tools, which help the manufacturing industry achieve automation, high-speed, unmanned processing, and digital factory management.
In addition, a new change in 2016 and 2017 is that Internet companies are increasingly participating in research and development at the national level. Internet companies are actively participating in the research and development of artificial intelligence, big data, and intelligent manufacturing. The boundaries between manufacturing and information industries are not obvious.
Application capacity needs to be strengthened . The construction of national key laboratories began in 2006, paying more attention to the impact of innovation on enterprises and industries, and more practical applications.
After more than ten years of construction, what is the output and investment of the national key laboratory of the enterprise?
In the 21st Century Economic Research Institute, it was found that in the research topic, there were 2,441 research projects hosted and undertaken by the State Key Laboratory of Enterprises in 2014, and 2058 in 2015. Although the number of topics has grown slowly, research funding has increased from 3.38 billion yuan to 4.98 billion yuan, an increase of 47%.
In the composition of scientific research topics, the number of scientific research topics at the national and provincial levels has dropped significantly, especially the provincial and ministerial research topics fell 76%, from 597 in 2014 to 2015. 142 items. However, related funds have increased unabated, the proportion of funds has increased from 26.6% to 31.7%, and research projects have paid more attention to quality and efficiency.
Internationalization and horizontal cooperation (generally for enterprises, solving problems for practical problems) have also become highlights. The report shows that the research topics in these two directions have increased, and the number of horizontal cooperation research topics has increased from 1,108 to 1,430. Laboratory research is more clearly oriented towards business and practical applications.
In terms of scientific research output, the national key laboratory of the national key laboratory has declined, and the provincial and ministerial-level award-winning projects have increased relatively, from 157 in 2014 to 204 in 2015. The number of authorized invention patents in China also increased, among which software grade copyright growth was the most obvious, from 134 to 317, with a growth rate exceeding 100%.
According to the 21st Century Economic Research Institute, in terms of policy trends, in the regular meeting of the State Council held in June 2017, people from the scientific community became guests. Premier Li Keqiang listened to experts and expressed his feeling that the cross-integration of science and technology is more obvious.
The data shows that countries have invested heavily in the field of science and technology. In 2015, the intensity of research funding in China reached 2.07%. Compared with the countries listed above, there is still much room for development.
At present, for different directions and fields, China has national laboratories, national key laboratories, national key laboratories of enterprises, and national engineering laboratories. The construction of laboratories is constantly developing and perfecting, but there are scales and The investment is small, and the practical application ability is not strong.
Take the US laboratory as an example, there is no unified management organization. More famous are the 17 national laboratories of the US Department of Energy, as well as the International Space Station of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. These national laboratories in the United States have huge research funding, large scale, and almost concentrated the top talent.
Officials from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China have repeatedly mentioned the study of the US National Laboratory model in public. The United States adopts a model of government-owned and contractor management. In terms of funding and budget management, the government has a stable high investment and implements a performance reward system to determine the allocation amount based on the final result.
Annual Report of the State Key Laboratory of Enterprises: Application Ability Needs to Be Strengthened
Abstract : The 21st Century Economic Research Institute compares the layout changes of the State Key Laboratory of Enterprises from 2014 to 2015. It is found that the current national key laboratories are concentrated in Beijing, Shandong, Guangdong and Jiangsu, all of which are economically active and large enterprises. The area that is piled up,...