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From 1900 to 1949, there were only dozens of workshop-style stone enterprises in China. From 1949 to now, there are more than 27,400 stone enterprises in China, with about 5.5 million employees. In 1900, the stonemasons in the area of ​​Dashiwo Township, Fangshan District, Beijing. The ancestral home, hand-carved white marble art, mainly supplies the royal family and the nobles, with an annual output of 150 to 200 pieces and 300 employees.
In 1910, the Italian businessman first opened the Yunshi Company in Tianjin, using semi-mechanized processing of stone, mainly used for the renovation of shopfront shops and counter counters.
In 1919, Beiping Private Li Artificial Marble Factory was established, covering an area of ​​only 30 square meters. It has a small cutting machine, a stone saw machine, a hand grinder, a circular saw and a movable stone grinder. Diamonds are used as abrasives, 20 workers, and 500 square meters of marble plates are processed annually.
In 1929, Nanjing Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum was completed and became the largest stone project in the Republic of China.
1930 ~ 1948
Germans open stone companies in Qingdao;
The private Beijing Lushi Plant was established;
Japanese merchants opened the Fengfu Marble Factory in Shenyang;
Italian businessmen opened "Da Wei Xing" in Shanghai;
Japanese merchants opened the Tianqiao Marble Factory in Dalian;
Japanese business opened Longchang Company in Changchun.
These companies are still dominated by semi-mechanical and manual, with an annual output of less than 5,000 square meters of marble, granite and terrazzo.
From 1949 to 1952, Beijing Huaji Stone successively provided stone products for key projects such as Zhongrenhai Huairentang and Beijing Peace Hotel. The annual production of marble plates is only 1000 square meters.
In 1953, the first construction company of Beijing, the wood processing plant (now the predecessor of the Beijing Construction Terrazzo) began to produce terrazzo.
In 1955, the national marble export plate was only 1,000 square meters.
In 1957, Huaji Stone Factory was merged into Beijing Marble Factory, and marble became the exclusive processing and operation of the factory in Beijing. Products began to be exported to Singapore, Egypt, Cambodia, Thailand, Mongolia and so on. In the same year, all private stone enterprises were transformed into public-private joint ventures.
In 1958, public and private joint venture stone companies were all converted to state-run. In order to meet the needs of the top ten projects in the north, a number of stone enterprises have been newly built by the original construction engineering department and the relevant provincial building materials department, mainly including: Beijing Marble Factory, Tianjin Marble Factory, Shanghai Marble Factory, Beijing Building Materials Terrazzo Factory, Beijing Architecture Terrazzo Factory, Shenyang Marble Factory, Qingdao Marble Factory. In that year, granite and marble production was 160,000 square meters nationwide and 120,000 square meters of terrazzo.
In 1963, China was born with an industrial synthetic diamond, which created important conditions for the localization of stone machinery.
In 1969, Hangzhou Marble Factory approved the introduction of the first ordinary wire rope saw from Italy by the Ministry of Building Materials Industry at that time. It was the beginning of the mining of diamond tools in China and opened up the history of mechanical mining.
In 1972, the export of stone and related products nationwide exceeded 1 million US dollars.
The Institute of Artificial Crystals of the National Building Materials Bureau established the Diamond Tools Professional Research Association and became the incubator of China's diamond tool industry.
In 1973, the State Construction Commission and the Planning Commission held a national three-stone work conference in Beijing (commonly known as the first stone conference in the country) to set out the technical standards for the “Three Stonesâ€.
In 1976, Beijing Institute of Artificial Crystals formed a series of diamond tools, cutting, milling, drilling, grinding tools.
In 1977, the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall in Beijing used a lot of stone decoration inside and outside, and the national stone industry began to be a warship. There are Beijing Marble Yingzhong Factory and Hangzhou Marble Factory, which provide stone materials. There are artificial crystal research institutes and Zhengzhou Sanmao Institute. The stone types used are: Quanzhou White, Asbestos Red, Hang Grey, and White Marble. The first use of stone dry hanging technology.
In 1978, the first stone heat was set off nationwide. A large number of stone mining and processing equipment climaxes were introduced, and more than 200 production lines were introduced, and 290 sets of diamond tool manufacturing equipment were introduced. At the same time, domestic personnel began to go abroad for training and study.
In 1979, the annual production of "Three Stones" was 170,000 square meters, and the annual foreign exchange earned 3 million US dollars.
In 1983, the State Building Materials Bureau approved the establishment of the China Stone Industry Association. The editorial department of "Stone" magazine was also established.
In 1984, Shanxi Machine Tool Plant, Wuhan University of Technology Stone Research Institute, Hunan Building Material Equipment Factory produced domestic double-headed hole drilling machine, hydraulic drilling rig, horizontal rock drilling machine, diamond bead wire sawing machine, fast steel wire rope saw, hydraulic top stone machine, Mast cranes, etc., make quarrying and processing equipment one step at a time.
In 1987, eight provincial-level stone associations were established in the stone-developed areas, with more than 800 members nationwide. In that year, the production of marble slabs was 2.64 million square meters, granite was 6.33 million square meters, and terrazzo was 5.13 million square meters. At the end of the year, statistics show that China has imported all kinds of major stone technology and equipment from all over the world.
In 1988, the National Building Materials Bureau Stone Quality Monitoring Center was established.
In 1992, the first stone heat started in the country. "Natural Marble Building Panels", "Natural Marble Blocks", "Natural Granite Blocks", "Natural Granite Plates", "Natural Facing Stone Terminology", "Natural Facing Stone Test Methods", "Architecture" The method for measuring the specular gloss of decorative materials is published in the building materials industry and the national love standard.
In 1993, the "Classification Control of Radioactive Protection of Natural Stone Products" was released.
In 1997, natural marble and granite exports exceeded US$700 million for the first time.
The Hong Kong Hall of the Great Hall of the People in Beijing has become the most popular place for interior decoration using white marble.
In 1999, the first group army of Chinese stone enterprises appeared: Shenzhen Kangli, Gaoshi; Dongguan Global, Dongcheng; Xinjiang Guanghui, etc., with an annual turnover of more than 200 million yuan.
In 2000, the national stone export earned foreign exchange exceeded 800 million US dollars for the first time; the EU began to investigate the Chinese granite dumping case, and Chinese stone enterprises rose to respond; the stone industry created three world firsts, and became the domestic building materials industry for five consecutive years. The largest exporter of products. In 2010, the new stone products in the stone industry will shine brighter and brighter.
First, the new stone chemical products
In addition to the stone curing and stone cleaning products that have been widely used at home and abroad, stone chemical products have won popular favors in recent years in the United States, Germany and Guangdong. The stone paint is a color sand that is ground with natural granite and marble particles. It is then chemically treated, blended and processed by Fu Shi and high technology. It has realistic imitation of natural granite and marble effect, and the cost is only three to one tenth of the imported natural stone, and the stone paint shape is not subject to any restrictions. The design can be freely designed, with acid, alkali and waterproof functions. It can receive the solemn, simple and imposing effect that only natural stone decoration can achieve, and it can achieve the calm and firm texture of natural stone, and it can be the most popular in recent years with only cheap materials and construction. A decorative material has broad prospects for development.
Second, new varieties of geographical stone decorative materials
Marco Polo's newly launched geography is a supernatural low-carbon product that originates from nature but transcends stone. It is a high-end home decoration material that allows consumers to feel the wonders of nature without leaving home.
Nowadays, home decoration is more and more advocating nature. Therefore, natural stone enters the building decoration industry in large quantities, not only for luxurious public buildings, but also for home decoration, and the usage is getting bigger and bigger, playing in people's lives. Important role. However, due to the defects of natural stone, such as difficulty in mining, environmental protection, radiation, and large color differences, it is in conflict with the current “environmental protection†and “low-carbon†life proposition. It has certain limitations in practical use. Appeared to make up for the defects of natural stone, to meet the needs of the market.
Third, new varieties of domestic stone are emerging one after another, many of which are famous products of China's stone
China's vast land and resources, rich in mineral resources, especially stone resources are almost all over the country's provinces and regions, due to the age of the geological age, the stone resources produced in different geological periods should be rich and colorful, with the world's famous stone output basis, such as Yellow sandstone, Wuyuan yellow in Kunming, Yunnan; green butterfly, red butterfly, wave flower, emerald blue in Shanxi; Yanshan blue and Yanshan green in Chengde, Hebei; white hemp in Laizhou, Shandong; snowflake in Hubei; black in Xinjiang Ice flower, sea bottom red; Liuhuan stone in Inner Mongolia; colored stone flower and ice flower blue in Sichuan; black ice flower and black gold color diamond in Shaanxi; Xiao Cuihong in Guangxi are new stone varieties newly discovered and mined, and are the stone varieties of China. The leader.
Fourth, the top stone exhibition drives the industry to fully recover, and artificial stone develops rapidly
In addition to the original granite, artificial stone has recently launched curved ultra-thin stone Athena marble and artificial culture stone in Guangdong and Shandong. Athena Marble, an 8mm artificial stone sheet produced directly by high-tech processing with inorganic materials and resin, has beautiful patterns, colorful colors and soft tones. Lightweight, non-radioactive, it is a green product that has revolutionized the field of architectural design and decoration.
The artificial culture stone is made of inorganic materials based on the essence of natural culture stone. It is light in weight, easy to mold, easy to install, and more widely used by architects because it is non-toxic, non-mild, non-combustible, rich in color, stable and durable.
5. Composite stone pays attention to design and innovation
With the development of stone processing technology and stone chemical industry, it has become possible to make stone processing to thin plate and ultra-thin slab. Marble is processed into 3mm, and granite 5mm plate has become a trend of ultra-thin slab; stone chemical The bonding technology has met the requirements of composite stone processing. Therefore, composite stone has made great progress in Jiangsu, Guangdong and other provinces and cities in recent years.
Composite material for dry hanging of external walls: It can be directly compounded on the floor of cheap granite; it can be composited on thick aluminum honeycomb panels. Among the above composite stone materials, especially the aluminum honeycomb stone composite board, the utility model has the advantages of light weight, high strength, high flatness, good sound insulation and heat insulation effect, strong earthquake resistance, fireproof, chemical corrosion resistance, weather resistance, stain resistance and easy cleaning. The composite board is simple to install, has less auxiliary materials, saves time and labor, and has low total installation cost. It is superior to pure natural stone in many performances, so it is more suitable for high-rise building curtain wall or interior wall decoration.
Composite stone for wall and floor; composite of natural stone and artificial stone can be used on ceramic tile; it can also be directly laminated on the ordinary parity granite floor or compounded on the hard material floor specified by the purchaser.
Composite stone for ceiling: Use 4mm thick natural marble light panel to directly stick to the ceiling to find the flat plate, or laminate it on the thin honeycomb aluminum plate.
Sixth, stone carvings, stone carving products are unconventional
On the basis of giving full play to the advantages of traditional carving, China's stone carving and stone carving industry has introduced new and vigorously introduced advanced technology and equipment, which has enabled China's traditional stone carving and stone carving industry to embark on the fast lane of development. Especially in Fujian and Hebei in China, its processing capacity, processing technology and artistic modeling have been greatly improved. In addition to giving full play to the talents of skilled craftsmen, first of all, in processing technology, some enterprises have adopted computer design, sound and light. With the control, the sculptures are vivid, the artistic appeal is strong, and the shapes are different, no wonder. It is no exaggeration to say that China's stone carving and stone carving industry can be regarded as a large and strong position in terms of design, processing, modeling and variety.
Seven, the stone industry's "big brother" ride on the momentum
China's 2010 Shanghai Stone Fair and the 2010 Shanghai World Expo have successfully held the Chinese economy at a relatively high growth rate in the world economy, and the world is optimistic about China. To this end, China's powerful stone merchant Jia Daheng is full of confidence in development, in order to expand the production capacity of its own enterprises, in order to be more advantageous in the international market competition in an invincible position, so they have invested heavily in building new production bases. Producing high-quality stone products from China into the international market. It can be foreseen that the development of the new round of stone industry in China has already sounded, and it is bound to be the ideal choice for some stone “big brothers†in China.
Eight, stone development towards design and brand direction
On April 6, 2010, the 17th China (Shanghai) International Stone Products and Stone Technology Equipment Exhibition was grandly opened at the Shanghai New International Expo Center. The China International Stone Summit Forum was also held during the exhibition. +Design is the theme, to explore how to rely on to enhance the added value of stone low-carbon and durability characteristics, to achieve a seamless collage of stone enterprises and architects and designers, so that more stone products, high-tech products, boutiques Enter our high-end projects.
The survival of China's stone industry
Abstract: Beijing Huaji Stone has been providing stone products for key projects such as Zhongrenhai Huairentang and Beijing Peace Hotel. The annual production of marble plates is only 1000 square meters. Composite stone for ceiling: Use 4mm thick natural marble light panel to directly stick to the ceiling to find the flat plate, or laminate it on the thin honeycomb aluminum plate.