How to improve the rationality and safety of cotton fertilization?
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Reporter: In recent years, the cotton farmers in the Chaohu area of ​​Anhui Province have been chasing the cotton for the first time after the cotton transplanting for one month. The topdressing of the cotton is generally used to chase urea, potassium chloride and diammonium per mu. 10 kg each. One method is to apply fertilizer to the ground and rain, but often the cotton plants are yellow after the rain, and some cotton leaves are dark and green, and the leaves seem to be boiled. This abnormal plant generally accounts for 10% to 20%. Another method of topdressing is to apply water after watering or after raining. At this time, the cotton field is moist and easy to cultivate, but the top dressing is scattered on the surface, and there will be problems of yellow seedlings or dead seedlings. The third type of topdressing method is to cover the soil after the ditch application. This method has little adverse effect on cotton seedlings. However, if the amount of urea is too large or the soil layer covered is too shallow, the growth of some cotton seedlings will be inhibited. In this case, the cotton seedlings can be recovered after ten days. The influence of the first two conditions on cotton yield can not be ignored. In the early stage of cotton, the aboveground growth was too strong and the root system was not deep. When the wind or wind and rain increased, the cotton plant would fall, eventually resulting in low cotton yield. To this end, local cotton farmers are very concerned about how to improve the rationality and safety of cotton fertilization.
Expert: The main reason for the low cotton yield in this case is that the fertilization method is unreasonable. Whether the crop fertilization is reasonable or not has at least the following measures: The first is to ensure the safety of fertilization, and not to burn the roots. The second is to require the fertilizer to perform well and should show an increase in yield and quality.
Reporter: Would you please propose a fertilization method and adjustment suggestions during the fertilization period on the actual situation in the local area?
Experts: 1. Cotton is a long-term economic crop. To obtain high yield, the first step is to apply base fertilizer. The fertilizer type of base fertilizer is mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer is added. To this end, the proportion of NPK in the bud period of the above case should be adjusted, and all the diammonium and half of the potassium chloride should be adjusted to the base fertilizer and the seed fertilizer, so that the nitrogen in the base fertilizer accounts for 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period. ~50%, phosphate fertilizer of base fertilizer accounts for 80% of total phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer accounts for 60%. The application method of the cotton base fertilizer is preferably applied to the soil below 15 cm.
2. Cotton sowing or planting is in the spring, there is a problem of low temperature and night frost cooling. For cotton strong seedlings, it is best to apply fertilizer or transfer fertilizer. The amount of seed and seedling fertilizer should not be much. It is best to use phosphorus as the main amount of nitrogen, and it is necessary to apply boron fertilizer. The fertilization position of the fertilizer is applied 2 cm below the seedling. For general seed fertilizer, 5 to 7.5 kg of calcium or 5 kg of diammonium phosphate. The role of seedlings and seedlings is to promote hair roots, cultivate strong seedlings, and resist cold and protect the buds.
3. Grasping the right time in topdressing management. Premature application of nitrogen fertilizer is easy to cause. The vegetative growth is too strong, and it is easy to fall down when it meets the wind and rain. Therefore, attention should be paid to controlling water and fertilizer during seedling stage, and seedlings promote roots. Only when the appropriate post-fertilization time is applied can the bud be guaranteed. For this purpose, the topdressing is generally divided into 2 to 3 times. Don't be too early for the first time, and move back when Miaowang. The second top dressing is in the flowering period, mainly the nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. Whether to chase the third fat depends on the seedlings. It is necessary when it is high in production.
4. The burning of the seedlings is mainly caused by the decomposition of rainwater after the application of urea to produce ammonia gas. The method of avoiding burning seedlings is: urea is applied to a certain depth under the soil surface and covered with soil; the seedlings in the bud stage are small, and the amount of topdressing is controlled at 5 to 7.5 kg; the urea is immediately watered after application.
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