3) high vanadium high speed steel a vanadium content <br> <br> high vanadium high speed steel is 3% to 5%, while increasing the carbon content, VC and V4C3 formed, so that high speed steel hardness and wear resistance. High vanadium high-speed steel has good heat resistance, but high-vanadium high-speed steel has poor sharpness, poor thermal conductivity, and low impact toughness, so it is not suitable for complex tools. Appropriate cobalt can also be added to the high vanadium high speed steel to become a high vanadium cobalt high speed steel.

The high vanadium-containing high-speed steel V3N developed in China is cheap and has good cutting performance, but it is difficult to sharpen. Later, a low-cobalt nitrogen-containing high-speed steel Co3N (W12Mo3Cr4Co3N) was developed, which has good cutting performance and good sharpening performance, but the price is higher than V3N.

4) aluminum of high-speed steel <br> <br> developed cobalt-free, low-cost high-performance aluminum speed steel 501 (M2Al), wherein the aluminum content of about 1%. Aluminum can improve the solubility of tungsten and molybdenum in steel, resulting in solid solution strengthening. Since aluminum compounds can act as "pinning" in steel, the normal temperature, high temperature hardness and wear resistance of steel can be improved, strength and toughness. They are also relatively high, and the cutting performance is comparable to that of the M42. The vanadium content of 501 is 2%, and the sharpening performance is slightly lower than M42. Aluminum-containing high-speed steel is an originality in China. 501 has been widely used in China and has been applied abroad.

In the late 20th century, China has made great progress in the development and application of smelting high-performance high-speed steel. It not only imitated foreign excellent steel grades, such as M42 and M35, but also developed cobalt-free aluminum with Chinese characteristics. High-performance high-speed steel such as cobalt-free, cobalt-free, high-vanadium and nitrogen-containing, with good performance. Due to the objective conditions at the time, production and applications were limited. In recent years, Heye and Tiangong have produced a large number of high-performance high-speed steels in large quantities. The steel numbers of the two companies are basically the same, which has created favorable conditions for the promotion and application of high-performance high-speed steel tools.

In addition to high-performance smelting high-speed steel, China also has high-performance high-speed steel W13Mo3Cr4V3N (V3N), W12Mo3Cr4V3Co5Si (Co5Si) and W12Mo3Cr4VCo3N (Co3N). According to the order, the major tool factories can provide a variety of high-performance high-speed steel tool products.

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