Comment: The Operation Mode and Enlightenment of American Manufacturing Innovation Center

Abstract China is currently vigorously implementing "Made in China 2025", which is a major project in the transformation and upgrading of key industries and advanced manufacturing areas, forming a number of manufacturing innovation centers (industrial technology research bases). The US Manufacturing Innovation Center revolves around specific advanced manufacturing...
China is currently vigorously implementing "Made in China 2025", focusing on the transformation and upgrading of key industries and advanced manufacturing areas, forming a number of manufacturing innovation centers (industrial technology research bases), which is one of the major projects. The US Manufacturing Innovation Center is worth learning from the integration of innovative resources, innovation chain, commercial operation, technological innovation and talent cultivation around specific advanced manufacturing technologies.
National Research Center Innovation Center has promoted technology transformation and application. Around the transformation and application of advanced manufacturing technology achievements, the US Manufacturing Innovation Center has formed a diversified promotion. These initiatives are mainly carried out in two directions: one is to use innovative projects as the link, the small and medium-sized enterprises as the core, focus on the two key links of applied research and commercialization, and open up the innovation chain of technological achievements, so that new technology applications can be quickly The transition to the mass production phase; the second is to clear up various obstacles for the large-scale application of new technologies, including the development of various application standards, and the provision of applicable talents for new technology applications.
(1) Giving full play to the vitality of SMEs' scientific and technological innovation SMEs are the mainstay of technological innovation and transformation in the United States. In the innovation ecosystem composed of “production, study and research”, SMEs are the core representatives of the industry and have a high degree of participation. And the right to speak. First, SMEs maintain a certain percentage of seats in the leadership committee of the National Manufacturing Innovation Network. Secondly, when the Innovation Center was established, it required a large number of SMEs to participate. For example, one-third of the 150 members made in the US are SMEs. Third, in the operation of the Innovation Center, the technological innovation projects it supports must be the primary concern in the current industry, which requires those SMEs with cutting-edge technology to fully participate in the Innovation Center.
(II) Focusing on the weak links in the transformation and application of technological achievements First, it is the two key links for enterprises to open up advanced technology transformation. The Innovation Center undertakes the applied research tasks of advanced technologies and makes up for the key link in the innovation chain from basic research to commercialization. At the same time, the Innovation Center is also actively involved in the commoditization process, forming a prototype of new technology applications within its capabilities, enabling enterprises to quickly transition from pilot applications to large-scale production with low risk, low cost and high efficiency. The second is to provide enterprises with a variety of professional services, enhance the ability of enterprises to undertake advanced technology, including providing information, consulting, equipment and training for new technology applications, providing cooperation with other members for technical development, promoting large, medium and small Strategic cooperation and experience sharing between start-ups.
(III) Strengthening the sharing and cooperation of all member units in the system Each innovation center has a system of intellectual property protection and patent use rights sharing to ensure that its member institutions, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, can obtain advanced manufacturing technology in a legal way. . In addition, the Innovation Center has established various sharing mechanisms, including sharing of technical facilities, common skills training, sharing of best manufacturing technology practices, and sharing of information between internal members and external stakeholders. Through sharing and cooperation, the Innovation Center and member companies can reach a consensus on the future development direction of advanced technologies, and form common interests and concerted actions in technology application, personnel training and employment creation, and achieve cutting-edge and cross-domain technology transformation more efficiently. .
(IV) Leading the development of advanced manufacturing technology application standards The Innovation Center actively participates in and leads various standards adaptation to emerging technologies through cooperation with industry, domestic and foreign technical standards setters and government departments. At the same time, in order to speed up the promotion of standards, the Innovation Center also provides manufacturing companies with a variety of software and hardware facilities and services that adapt to the new standards, including technical reference data, scientific and engineering databases, and related facilities for technical applications.
(V) Establishing a talent training mechanism to ensure the transformation and application of new technologies The Talent Demand Innovation Center serves as a bridge between the education system and the industrial system, and guides the education system to accelerate the training of talents needed for the application of new technologies. By identifying new technologies and processes, the Innovation Center identifies the skills and talents needed for new technology applications and feeds this back into the education system, combining universities, community schools and technical schools, designing training programs and courses, setting skills certification and awarding Qualifications, perfecting the educational programs of the disciplines of science, technology, engineering and mathematics, providing internships and practical opportunities, and delivering qualified and matched researchers and skilled workers to the emerging manufacturing industry. For example, the Future Lightweight Manufacturing Center incorporates lightweight design courses into the education systems of 22 states in the United States. The American Manufacturing Center has teamed up with several manufacturing engineering departments to launch 3D printing courses and donated 3D printing equipment to more than 1,000 schools.
Implications for China's implementation of the National Manufacturing Innovation Center Construction Project The US Manufacturing Innovation Center is a successful practice of public-private partnership and commercial operation. It is fully integrated with various innovative resources through government traction, enterprise-led, universities and scientific research institutions. An innovative ecosystem of cooperation and win-win, opened up the advanced manufacturing technology from basic research to applied research, to the innovative chain of commercialization and large-scale production. China is currently vigorously implementing "Made in China 2025", focusing on the transformation and upgrading of key industries and advanced manufacturing areas, forming a number of manufacturing innovation centers, which is one of the major projects. For a long time, China has always had the problem that the innovation chain is not smooth, and the scientific research institutions and enterprises are “two skins”, resulting in more investment in scientific research, but the application of transformation of results is not much, and the innovation efficiency is not high. The US Manufacturing Innovation Center is worth learning from the integration of innovative resources, innovation chain, commercial operation, technological innovation and talent cultivation around specific advanced manufacturing technologies.
(1) Manufacturing Innovation Centers should focus on a specific strategic technology area In order to avoid the decentralization of innovation resources, each manufacturing innovation center should focus on a specific technology field. In the field of technology, we must fully listen to the opinions of industry and academia, and openly consult with a wider range of stakeholders. The selected technical fields should conform to the reality and long-term needs of China's manufacturing industry development, and have huge market potential, which can effectively promote the improvement of China's manufacturing industry capabilities. The lead unit or management unit of the Innovation Center is preferably a non-profit organization in the field. It has long been engaged in research and development of related technologies in this field, and has great influence and authority in the industry. It has a good foundation for cooperation between industry, universities and research institutes. , can fully integrate and utilize various innovative resources in the field.
(2) The manufacturing innovation center should focus on building an innovation ecosystem. It is necessary to fully rely on local resources. The Innovation Center can be located in a representative area of ​​manufacturing industry in this field to facilitate the transformation and application of advanced technological achievements. The choice of the establishment of the US Manufacturing Innovation Center fully considers the local advantages in related industries, talents, technology, and the supporting situation of the upstream and downstream of the innovation chain. For example, the future lightweight manufacturing innovation center in the United States is located in Detroit. The area is closely related to the US automotive industry cluster. Second, through a variety of channels and methods, such as multi-level membership mechanism, the large and medium-sized enterprises, universities, scientific research institutions and industry alliances in this technology field will be absorbed into the formation of an "industry-university-research-policy" collaborative innovation system. The Innovation Center should focus on the transformation and application of new technologies, strengthen academic research, information sharing, facility opening, project cooperation, etc., so that the innovation ecosystem can be effectively operated.
(III) Manufacturing innovation center should focus on opening up the technology innovation chain The main function of China's manufacturing innovation center is to carry out common technical research and industrialization application demonstration. The core is to promote the transformation and application of advanced manufacturing technology achievements. The Innovation Center should aim at the problem of poor technology innovation chain in China, integrate innovation resources in the field, use innovative projects as a link, strengthen the application research, technology development and commercial trial production of advanced technologies, and open up an innovation chain for the transformation of technological achievements. The Innovation Center must first identify the advanced manufacturing technologies in the field, and then develop a clear transformation roadmap for selected technologies, form R&D projects with different innovation links, and then submit to enterprises, universities and research institutions in the form of bidding. The scientific research team is distributed, and finally the advanced manufacturing technology is transformed into a product that can be mass-produced, creating conditions for the rapid and large-scale production of the industrial sector.
(4) The manufacturing innovation center should adopt a flexible operation mechanism and give full play to the leading role of industry and enterprises. As a new type of public research institution focusing on application development, the manufacturing innovation center should adopt new modes and new operations. mechanism. When the Innovation Center is established and formed, the government must play a leading role. However, in the specific operation, the government can no longer “arrange”, and its financing methods, governance models and project operations should give full play to the leading role of industry and enterprises to industry and market. The actual demand is the fundamental starting point, adopting a commercialized and market-oriented operation mode. Within the Innovation Center, it is necessary to establish a cooperative mechanism of cooperation and sharing of interests, to stimulate the innovation vitality of various institutions within the system, to do their best and to get what they want. Large enterprises must give full play to the advantages of capital, information and production equipment, and SMEs should play a new role. The advantages of technology sensitivity, universities and scientific research institutions should give full play to the advantages of basic research and scientific research talents, and government departments should give full play to the advantages of overall coordination.
(5) Manufacturing innovation centers should create conditions for the subsequent application and promotion of advanced manufacturing technologies. Turning technological achievements into commodities or application demonstrations is only the first step of the manufacturing innovation center. Ultimately, it is necessary to bring advanced technologies to the market. For the large-scale application of enterprises, the manufacturing capacity of the industry is formed. To this end, the Innovation Center must act as a technology “incubator” and create conditions for subsequent application promotion, clearing obstacles and paving the way. First, it is necessary to formulate various standards for the application of advanced manufacturing technologies to make them acceptable to all parties concerned; second, to become a bridge between the industrial sector and the education sector, and to promote the education sector to incorporate the skills requirements of advanced manufacturing technologies into education. The system trains large-scale, multi-level applicability talents for large-scale application of new technologies.
(Author: Enterprise Research Institute of the Development Research Center of the State Council)

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