2. School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China; 3.Tianjin Institute of Building Science, Tianjin 300073, China) Application of cement-based infiltrated amorphous waterproof material in dynamic environments such as subway tunnels, basements, spillways, and pools , Shows its superior waterproof performance, to solve the general waterproof material can not meet the problem.

Compared with conventional waterproof materials, cement-based waterproof materials have many advantages. For example, they can be used on new and old concrete bases, have excellent adhesion to concrete substrates, and can be used on wet foundations. Therefore, they have attracted wide attention and new types of products have emerged. . For example, cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproofing materials (CCC) and polymer-modified cement-based waterproofing materials (IS), etc., and the appearance of cement-based infiltrated non-crystalline waterproofing materials have attracted widespread attention and are used in the treatment of leakage of concrete structures. Widely used.

1 Introduction to materials and waterproofing principle Cement-based non-crystalline waterproofing material is based on high-strength cement as a carrier, modified with unique active materials and micro-silica. This type of material was successfully developed in Canada and introduced into China. At present, a variety of products have been developed, such as polymer-modified cement-based infiltration non-crystalline waterproof coatings, concrete admixtures, and structural repair mortars.

Micro-silica fume is an amorphous silicon that reacts with the free calcium produced during the hydration process of the cement to produce a non-crystalline hydrated calcium silicate. Its reaction formula is: mSi02+nCa2++H2! CaO) nSi02) mH20)) The size of amorphous calcium silicate particles is about 1nm, which is much smaller than that of water molecules. It can fill the pores in cement slurry and make them disconnected and disconnected, making the water permeability of cement slurry. Greatly reduced. These calcium silicates are insoluble in water and can clog the capillary pores in a certain depth of structural layer to achieve a waterproof effect. In the capillary pores of the concrete, hydrated calcium silicate exists in densely packed spheres, while the amorphous ones a) The structure makes it extremely stable and adaptable to temperature, pressure and external mechanical impact.

Better, it can make the internal water vapor see through, but the liquid water cannot invade. Since the hydrated calcium silicate particles in the pores are non-crystalline substances, they are referred to as cement-based infiltrated amorphous water-repellent materials to distinguish them from permeation-crystalline materials.

In a waterproof coating product, a polymer is added for modification, such as an acrylic enhancer. Acrylic enhancer is a high-efficiency concrete admixture, which is specially used to improve the physical properties of Portland cement, mortar, and Portland cement-based waterproof material. Under normal conditions, it can make concrete's bending strength and tensile strength. 2 to 3 times higher, more than 4 times higher impact strength, can also improve the concrete's corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance and freeze-thaw resistance. In addition to the infiltration caused by the cohesion reaction, a hard coating with a very high degree of compaction and a good waterproof effect is also formed on the surface of the structure.

Due to the small size of micro-silica fume, polymer particles and amorphous hydration calcium silicate particles, the microscopic bonding distance between the coating and the brushed surface is greatly shortened, thereby greatly improving the coating and structure. With a combined strength of 8 MPa), both the water front and the back water surface can be effectively waterproofed. If the coating breaks, more water accumulates and leaks at the coating. At this time, the hydration reaction rate is faster, and more free calcium is generated. The reaction is more severe. The amorphous hydrated calcium silicate produced gradually aggregates and accumulates together. After a certain period of time, the cracks can be bridged, that is, the coating will heal on its own, and the waterproof effect will be restored.

Wen Baolian, et al.: cement-based infiltration of non-crystalline waterproof material and its application in the treatment of structural diseases. 2 Application of the project 2.1 Treatment of leakage of existing subway lines in Tianjin subway The existing railway of Tianjin Metro was built in the 1970s and is about 7.3 km long. The basic method of open excavation is rectangular frame structure. Except the west station and the northwest corner station, the polyurethane exterior waterproofing method is adopted, and the other sections adopt the “three felts and four oils” outsourcing waterproof method. After more than 20 years of operation, the leakage water phenomenon is serious at present.

After on-site survey, it was found that there are different degrees of seepage, water leakage and water intrusion in the roof and side wall parts of interval structural deformation joints, and there are different degrees of leakage of structural wall local cracks, honeycomb holes and embedded iron parts, etc. Disease management. The major difficulties in this project are large areas of seepage and water inflow, and the structure is partially loose. Moreover, incomplete repairs have been carried out before, which has created obstacles for further management and protection. In the treatment of diseases, cement-based non-crystalline waterproofing materials were used. Combined with the grouting process, the method of rigidity and softness was used to successfully complete the task. It is the deformation joint of the Tianjin subway after it has been treated.

2.2 Maintenance of Sewage Treatment Plant Tanks The Tianjin Jizhuangzi Sewage Treatment Plant was established in the 1980s and is one of the earliest sewage treatment plants in the country. It adopts the traditional activated sludge secondary treatment process and its structures are all reinforced concrete structures. . Due to the erosion of high-concentration and multi-component sewage, the erosion of solid particles, the corrosion of micro-organisms, and the aging of reinforced concrete structures, the internal and external walls of the tank and the bottom of the tank are damaged and leaked at different levels. The main problems to be solved in this project are the corrosion and protection of the concrete structure by microorganisms, acids and alkalis, and wear resistance. The use of cement-based infiltration non-crystalline waterproof material treatment, so that the repaired structure from the appearance and performance to meet or exceed the design criteria, to extend the life of reinforced concrete see), the project won the Tianjin Municipal Government awarded the third prize for scientific and technological progress.

2.3 Maintenance of erosion protection layer of spillway in Lijiaxia Hydropower Station The Lijiaxia Hydropower Station is the third large-scale cascaded hydropower station planned and developed in the reach of Longyangxia to Lijiaxia in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. It is located at the junction of Jianzha County, Qinghai Province. In September 1996, the right middle hole spillway wear-resistant layer was constructed using 400-silicone concrete. The water began to drain in January 1997. The maximum flow rate was about 600m3/s, and the number of discharges was as high as 50 or more. After discharging the water, the impact-resistant and wear-resistant layers were partially washed away and repaired. However, the climate in the area is dry, and the repaired silica fume concrete has a large number of cracks and empty drums on the surface. There is a hollow crack in the entire bottom of the drainage channel, which seriously affects the normal use of the spillway. The use of 'Aidikon' cement-based non-crystalline waterproofing material and 'excellent water' high-efficiency waterproofing agent for waterproofing completely solved this problem.

2.4 Waterproofing in the basement of the China National Museum of Art in Beijing The original waterproofing of the Chinese Museum of Art uses the 'Fu Zhenhai Rigid Waterproof Mortar Plastering' construction process.There is no leakage in the basement before the construction, and the original waterproof mortar is damaged after the construction, resulting in cracking, and new additions. The reasons for the imperfections in the waterproofing of the wall-passing pipelines and other reasons have led to serious leakage in the corners of the basement walls and walls. The use of excellent water-stopping, high-efficiency waterproofing agents for waterproof construction has successfully solved the problem. 2.5 Protection of Bridge Coatings On February 25, 2001, the comprehensive renovation project of the Weijin River in Tianjin was started. Among them, a very important project was the renovation of 16 bridges across the Weijin River. Due to disrepair and the erosion of the natural climate, these bridges have suffered different degrees of damage. In this renovation project, bridge guardrails and bridge piers were protected with a polymer-modified, non-crystalline, water-repellent, water-repellent coating made of SP waterproof decorative paint, and very good results were obtained.)

3 Conclusion Engineering practice shows that the cement-based non-crystalline waterproofing material has strong permeability, one-way breathability, permanent water resistance, unique self-repair ability, unique overall waterproof ability, anti-chemical erosion, and reinforcement Protection, non-toxic, pollution-free, simple construction, good adaptability to complex concrete base surface, etc. In the environment where the water level often fluctuates, changes, and is often subject to mechanical vibrations, such as subway tunnels, basements, spillways, pools and other structures, the cement-based infiltrating non-crystalline waterproof material exhibits superior performance and solves the problem that general waterproof materials cannot satisfy. problem. !

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